The Quran and the expanding universe and the Big Bang theory

In this paper the correlation between 
the origin and expansion of accepted 
scientific explanation of the universe, 
and the description of its origin and 
expansion is defined in the Qur'an

Hubble's law
For thousands of years, astronomers have struggled with fundamental questions about the universe . Until the early 1920s , it was believed that the universe had always existed , so you set the size of the universe and do not change . However, in 1912 , the American astronomer , Vesto Slipher , made ​​a discovery that could soon change astronomers ' beliefs about the universe. Slipher , noticed that the galaxies are moving away from Earth at tremendous speeds. These observations provide the first evidence to support the theory universe expansion. [ The First Three Minutes a modern view of the origin of the universe, Weinberg ]

Before the invention of the telescope in 1608 , the man could do little 
more than wonder about the origin of the universe . (Courtesy NASA)

   In 1916 , Albert Einstein formulated his theory of general relativity that states that the universe must be expanding or contracting . The confirmation of the universal expansion theory finally came in 1929 in the hands of the American astronomer Edwin Hubble known .
 
   By observing the redshift [When the light emitting object moves toward the red end of the spectrum. ( Http :/ / bjp.org.cn / APOD / glossary.htm)] at the wavelengths of light emitted by the lengths galaxies , Hubble discovered that galaxies were not fixed in position , on the contrary, actually were moving away from us with their distance proportional to the speed of the Earth ( Hubble's law ) probability. The only explanation for this observation is that the universe should be expanding . Hubble's discovery is considered one of the greatest in the history of astronomy. In 1929 , he published the velocity-time which is the basis of modern cosmology . In the coming years , along with other observations , expanding universe theory was accepted by scientists and astronomers.

With the Hooker Telescope , Hubble discovered that galaxies are receding from us . Above are some pictures of known galaxies . (Courtesy NASA)

Surprisingly, however, long before telescopes were even invented and well before Hubble published his Law , Prophet Muhammad used to recite a verse from the Quran to his companions, who finally declared that the universe is expanding.

" And the heaven make us hard , and we are in fact ( its ) expander. " (Quran 51:47 )

At the time of the revelation of the Qur'an , the word " space " was not known, and people use the word "church " to refer to what is beyond Earth. In this verse , the word "heaven " refers to the space and the known universe. The verse points out that space, and thus the universe , happens to be expanding as Hubble's law says .
That the Quran mentioned such a fact centuries before the invention of the first telescope, at a time when there was primitive knowledge of science , is considered remarkable. This is especially true since many people of his time , Prophet Muhammad happened to be illiterate and simply could not have been aware of these facts for yourself . Could it be that actually received the divine revelation of the Creator and the Creator of the universe?
The Big Bang Theory
Soon after Hubble published his theory , he continued to find that not only the galaxies are moving away from the Earth, but also far from the other. This means that the universe came to be expanding in all directions , in the same way a balloon expands when filled with air. Hubble's discoveries have laid the foundations of the theory of the Big Bang.
 
States of the Big Bang theory that there are about 12 to 15 billion years of the universe came into existence from a single extremely hot and dense point and something triggered the explosion that caused the point that in the early universe. The universe, since then, has expanded this single point.
 
Later in 1965 , radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson made ​​a discovery of the Nobel Prize winner , who confirmed the Big Bang theory . Before its discovery, the theory implied that if the only point from which the universe came into existence was first very hot, then must find the remains of this heat. This waste heat is exactly what Penzias and Wilson found . In 1965 , Penzias and Wilson discovered a Kelvin cosmic background radiation 2.725 degrees (CMB ) that spreads across the universe. Therefore, it was understood that the radiation found was a remnant of the early stages of the Big Bang. Currently, the Big Bang theory is accepted by most scientists and astronomers.

A map of the remains of microwaves from the Big Bang that gave birth to the universe  (Courtesy NASA)

It is mentioned in the Quran:
"He ( God) is the Creator of heaven and earth ... " (Quran 6:101 )
"He who created the heavens and the earth can not create the likes of them was yes , and He is the Knowing Creator. Their command only when you want something that said" Be " and it is. " (Quran 36:81-82 )
The above verses show that the universe had a beginning, God was behind its creation , and all that God has to do inorder to create that is "being" is . This could be an explanation of what caused the explosion that caused the beginning of the universe ?

The Quran also mentions :
" Have those who disbelieved not considered that the heavens and the earth were a joined entity separate and together and made ​​from water every living thing , then they will believe " ( Quran 21:30)

Muslim scholars who explained the previous verse mention that the heavens and the earth were once one and so God caused them to separate and form in the seven heavens and the earth . However, due to the limitations of science and technology at the time of the revelation of the Quran ( and for centuries to come ) , no scholar could give more details of how exactly the heavens and the earth was created . That researchers could explain it was the exact meaning of each word in Arabic in the verse, and the general meaning of the verse.
 
In the above verse, the Arabic words used ratq and fataq . Ratq the word can be translated into "entity" " sewn to" "joined" or "closed" . The importance of these translations all circulate around something that is mixed and has a separate existence. Fataq verb translates into "We unstitched " " We homogeneous parts " " We separated " or " We open . " These meanings imply that something comes into being by an act of separation or tearing. The emergence of a seed in the ground is a good example of a similar illustration of the meaning of the verb fataq .
 
With the introduction of the Big Bang theory , it soon became clear that Muslim scholars that the details mentioned in connection with the theory are identical closely with the description of the creation of the universe , in Chapter 21 verse 30 of the Koran. The theory that all matter in the universe was born from a single extremely hot and dense point , which exploded and caused the creation of the universe , corresponds to what is mentioned in the verse that heaven and earth (and the universe ) , where once together, then divide. Again, the only possible explanation is that the Prophet Muhammad had truly received divine revelation from God , the Creator and the Creator of the universe.

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The Miracle of Iron

The Quran seems to imply that the iron 
was something " sent" not of this world , 
   an idea not foreign to 20th century science Miracle

Iron is one of the elements highlighted in the Qur'an. In the chapter called Al- Hadid , meaning Iron , we are informed :

" And we sent iron wherein is a great force and which has many uses for mankind ... " (Quran 57:25 )

The word " Anzalna " translated as " sent" and used for iron in the verse, could be considered to have metaphorical explain that iron has been given to benefit people perceive . But if we consider the literal sense , ie , "is sent physically come down from heaven , as the word used was not used in the Quran except literally , like falling rain or revelation, we realize that this verse implies a very significant scientific miracle . Because, modern astronomical findings have disclosed that the iron found in our world has come from giant stars in outer space . [Dr. Mazhar U. Kazi, 130 Evident Miracles in the Qur'an (New York, USA: Crescent Publishing House: 1998), 110-111; and www.wamy.co.uk/announcements3.html, from Prof. Zighloul Raghib El-Naggar’s speech ]
 
Not only the iron on earth, but also the iron in the entire Solar System , comes from outer space, since the temperature in the sun is not sufficient for the formation of iron. The sun has a surface temperature of 6,000 degrees Celsius, and a core temperature of about 20 million degrees. Iron can only be produced in quantities many more stars than the Sun, where the temperature reaches a few hundred million degrees. When the amount of iron exceeds a certain level in a star , the star can no longer accommodate, and eventually explodes in what is called a " nova " or a " supernova ." These explosions allow iron into space. [Ibid] Miracle
Source Scientific provides the following information about this topic:
" There is also evidence of events of major supernovae : increased iron levels - 60 in ocean sediments have been interpreted as indications that a supernova explosion occurred within 90 light years of the sun , there are 5 million years of iron - . 60 is a radioactive isotope of iron, formed in supernova explosions , which decays with a half-life of 1.5 million years the presence of this isotope indicates a layer increased in recent neighboring elements . geological space and subsequent transport to the earth ( perhaps as part of dust particles ) " nucleosynthesis . Quran
[Priscilla Frisch, “The Galactic Environment of the Sun,” American Scientist, January-February 2000, www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/21173?fulltext=true] Miracle
 
All this shows that iron did not form on Earth , but was carried from supernovas, and was " sent " as it says in verse . It is clear that this fact was not known in the seventh century, when the Qur'an was revealed . However, this fact is related in the Qur'an , the Word of God, who encompasses all things in His infinite knowledge. Quran Miracle
The fact that the verse specifically mentions iron is quite astounding, considering that these discoveries were made in the 20th century . In his book , the fate of nature , renowned microbiologist Michael Denton emphasizes the importance of iron : Quran
" Of all the metals there is none more essential to life than iron. 's The accumulation of iron in the center of a star which triggers a supernova explosion and the subsequent scattering of the vital atoms of life throughout the cosmos. it was the drawing by gravity of iron atoms to the center of the primeval earth that generated the heat which caused the initial chemical differentiation of the earth, the outgassing of the early atmosphere , and ultimately the formation of the hydrosphere . was melted in the center of the earth which , acting like a gigantic dynamo, generates the earth 's magnetic field , which in turn creates the radiation belts Van Allen that protect the soil surface from destructive high iron cosmic radiation penetration of energy and preserve the essential layer for destroying ozone cosmic rays ... Quran Miracle
"Without the iron atom , there would be no life based on carbon in the cosmos, no supernovae , no heating of the primitive earth , no atmosphere or hydrosphere . There would be no protective magnetic field, no radiation belts Van Allen no ozone layer, no metal to make hemoglobin [in human blood ], no metal to tame the reactivity of oxygen , and no oxidative metabolism. Quran
" The intriguing and intimate relationship between life and iron, between the red color of blood and the death of a distant star , not only indicates the relevance of metals to biology but also biocentricity the cosmos ... " [Michael J. Denton, Nature’s Destiny (The Free Press: 1998), 198 ]
This account clearly indicates the importance of the iron atom . The fact that attention is drawn to iron in the Qur'an also emphasizes the importance of the element. Quran
 
Moreover, iron oxide particles have been used in cancer treatment in recent months and positive developments were observed. A team led by Dr. Andreas Jordan , the famous Charity Hospital in Germany, succeeded in destroying cancer cells with this new technique developed for the treatment of fluid hyperthermia ( high temperature magnetic liquid ) Magnetic cancer. Using this technique , performed in the first 26 years of age, H. Nikolaus no new cancer cells were observed in the patient during the next three months. Quran
This treatment method can be summarized as follows :
1) A liquid containing iron oxide particles is injected into the tumor using a special syringe . These tumor cells distributed particles. This liquid is composed of billions of particles , a thousand times smaller than red blood cells , the iron oxide in which 1 cm3 can flow easily through all blood vessels . Quran
 [www.inm-gmbh.de/cgi-bin/frame/frameloader.pl?sprache=en&url=http://www.inm-gmbh.de/htdocs/technologien/highlights/highlights_en.htm]
 
2) The patient is then placed in a machine with a strong magnetic field.
 
3) The externally applied magnetic field , begins to set the iron particles which are moving in the tumor . Meanwhile, the temperature in the tumor containing the iron oxide particles amounts to 45 degrees . Quran
4) In a few minutes , unable to protect cells from heat cancer are either weakened or destroyed. The tumor may then be completely eradicated with subsequent chemotherapy . ["Nanotechnology successfully helps cancer therapies," IIC Fast Track, Nanotech News from Eastern Germany, Industrial Investment Council, October 2003; www.iic.de/uploads/media/NANO_FT_Nov2003_01.pdf] Quran
 
In this treatment , not cancer cells are affected by the magnetic field so that particles containing iron oxide . The spread of this technique is a breakthrough in the treatment of this potentially fatal disease. Iron is also found to be a cure for people suffering from anemia. In the treatment of these widespread diseases , the use of the expression " iron in which there is a great force and which has many uses for mankind" (Qur'an, 57:25 ) in the Qur'an is particularly noteworthy. In fact, in this verse , the Qur'an may be indicating the benefits of iron even for human health. ( Allah knows best ). Quran

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The Quran on Clouds

Details mentioned in the Quran about 
cloud formation , more than 1400 years , 
was recently discovered by science

Scientists have studied cloud types and have realized that rain clouds are formed and shaped according to definite systems and certain steps associated with certain types of wind and clouds

A kind of rain cloud is the cumulonimbus . Meteorologists have studied how cumulonimbus clouds are formed and how they produce rain , hail and lightning. rain
They found that cumulonimbus clouds go through the following steps to produce rain :
1) The clouds are pushed by the wind: Cumulonimbus clouds begin to form when wind pushes some small pieces of clouds ( cumulus clouds) to an area where these clouds converge (see figures 1 and 2).

 

Figure 1: Satellite photo showing the clouds moving towards the convergence areas B , C and D. The arrows indicate the wind direction. (The use of satellite photographs Analysis and Forecast , Anderson and others, p. 188. ) rain

Figure 2 : small pieces of clouds (cumulus clouds ) moving towards a convergence zone near the horizon, where we can see a large cumulonimbus . (Clouds and Storms , Ludlam , plate 7.4 . )

2) Start: Then the small clouds join together forming a large cloud [See The Atmosphere, Anthes and others, pp. 268-269, and Elements of Meteorology, Miller and Thompson, p. 141] ( see Figures 1 and 2) rain

Figure 2: (A ) Isolated small pieces of clouds (cumulus ) . (B ) When the small clouds join together, rising on increasing large cloud currents, so the cloud is stacked. Water drops are indicated with • . ( Atmosphere , Anthes and others . P 269. )

 

3) Stacking : When the small clouds join together , updrafts in raising big cloud . The updrafts near the center of the cloud are stronger than those near the edges. [The updrafts near the center are stronger, because they are protected from the cooling effects by the outer portion of the cloud] These currents cause the body to grow vertically cloud so the cloud can be stacked ( see Figures 2 ( B ) , 3 and 4 ) .

This vertical growth causes the cloud body to stretch into cooler regions of the atmosphere, where drops of water and hail begin to grow larger and larger . When these drops of water and hail become too heavy for the updrafts to support them , they begin to fall from the cloud as rain , hail, etc. [See The Atmosphere, Anthes and others, p. 269, and Elements of Meteorology, Miller and Thompson, pp. 141-142 ]

Figure 3: A cumulonimbus . After the cloud is stacked up, 

rain comes from it. (Weather and Climate , Bodin , p.123)

Figure 4: A cumulonimbus . ( A color guide Clouds , Scorer and Wexler , p. 23).

 

God says in the Quran:
" Have you not seen how God drives the clouds gently , then joins them together , He did a lot , and you see the rain come out of it .... " (Quran 24:43 )

Meteorologists have recently come to know these details of cloud formation , structure and function by using advanced equipment like planes, satellites, computers , balloons, and other equipment, to study wind and its direction , to measure humidity and variations , and to determine the levels and changes in air pressure [See Ee’jaz al-Quran al-Kareem fee Wasf Anwa’ al-Riyah, al-Sohob, al-Matar, Makky and others, p. 55] .
The preceding verse , after mentioning clouds and rain , hail and lightning talks :

".... And He sends down hail from mountains ( clouds) in the sky , and He strikes with it whomever He wills , and turns it from whomever He wills . If the flash of its lightning nearly blinds the sight " . (Quran 24:43 )

Meteorologists have found that these cumulonimbus clouds, that shower hail , reach a height of 25,000 to 30,000 feet ( 05.07 miles 04.07 ) , [Elements of Meteorology, Miller and Thompson, p. 141 ] as the mountains , as the Quran says: " ... And He sends down mountains hail ( clouds) in the sky ... "(see Figure 4).
 
This verse may raise a question . Why does the verse say " its lightning " in a reference to the hail? Does this mean that hail is the major cause of lightning? See what the book entitled Meteorology Today says about this. He says that a cloud becomes electrified as hail falls through a region in the cloud of supercooled droplets and ice crystals .

As liquid droplets collide with a hailstone , they freeze on contact and release latent heat. This keeps the warm surface surrounding the ice crystals hail . When the hail comes in contact with an ice crystal , an important phenomenon occurs: electrons flow from the hotter to the colder object. Therefore, the negatively charged hail . The same effect occurs when supercooled droplets come in contact with a hailstone and tiny splinters of positively charged ice break. These lighter positively charged particles are transported to the top of the cloud updraft . The hail, left with a negative charge , falls toward the bottom of the cloud, so that the bottom of the negatively charged cloud . These negative charges are discharged as lightning. [Meteorology Today, Ahrens, p. 437 ] We conclude that hail is the major cause of lightning.
This information on lightning recently been discovered . Until 1600 AD , Aristotle's ideas on meteorology were dominant. For example , he said that the atmosphere contains two kinds of exhalation , moist and dry . He also said that thunder is the sound of the collision of the dry exhalation with the neighboring clouds , and lightning is the inflaming and burning of the dry exhalation with slight fine fire . [The Works of Aristotle Translated into English: Meteorologica, vol. 3, Ross and others, pp. 369a-369b ] These are some of the ideas on meteorology that were dominant at the time of the revelation of the Qur'an fourteen centuries ago .

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The Quran on Deep Seas and Internal Waves

The Quranic account of life in the deep 

seas , the darkness therein, and how it 

confirms modern scientific findings

 

God says in the Quran:" Or ( the situation of non-believers ) is like the darkness in a deep sea . It is covered by waves , above which are 
waves , above which are clouds . Darkness itself . If someone 
extends his hand, he you cannot see .... " (Quran 24:40) Seas

This verse mentions the darkness found in deep water, where if a man stretches out his hand , he cannot see . The darkness in deep seas is around a depth of 200 meters and below . At this depth , there is almost no light (see figure 1 ) . Below a depth of 1000 meters there is no light at all. [Oceans, Elder and Pernetta, p. 27] Humans are not able to dive more than forty meters without the aid of submarines or special equipment . Human beings cannot survive unaided in the dark part of the oceans , such as at a depth of 200 meters. Quran

This verse mentions the darkness found in deep water, where if a man stretches out his hand , he cannot see . The darkness in deep seas is around a depth of 200 meters and below . At this depth , there is almost no light (see figure 1) . Below a depth of 1000 meters there is no light at all. [1 ] Humans are not able to dive more than forty meters without the aid of submarines or special equipment . Human beings cannot survive unaided in the dark part of the oceans , such as at a depth of 200 meters.
 
Figure 1: Between 3 and 30 percent of the sunlight reflected on the surface of the sea. Then, almost all of the seven colors of the spectrum are absorbed one after another in the first 200 meters, except the blue light . (Oceans , brother and Pernetta , p. 27).
 
Scientists have recently discovered this darkness by equipment and submarines that have enabled them to dive into the depths of the oceans special .
We can also understand the following sentences in the previous verse , " ... in a deep sea . It is covered by waves , above which are waves , above which are clouds .... " the deep waters of the seas and oceans are covered by waves, and above these waves are other waves . It is clear that the second set of waves are the surface waves that we see , because the verse mentions that above the second waves there are clouds . But what about the first waves ? Scientists have recently discovered that there are internal waves which " occur on density interfaces between layers of different densities. " [Oceanography, Gross, p. 205] ( see Figure 2) .

Figure 2: The internal waves at the interface between the two layers of water of different densities . One is dense ( the bottom ) and the other one is less dense ( upper ) . ( . Oceanography , Gross, p 204. )

The internal waves cover the deep waters of seas and oceans because the deep waters have a higher density of water above them . Internal waves act like surface waves . They can also break as surface waves . Internal waves cannot be seen by the human eye but can be detected by studying temperature or salinity in a given location. [Oceanography, Gross, p. 205]

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The Quran on Seas and Rivers

The barriers between the different types of 

water found in nature : a fact mentioned 

in the Quran expounded by science

 

Modern science has discovered that in the places where two different seas , there is a barrier between them. This barrier divides the two seas so that each sea has its own temperature , salinity and density. 
[ Principles of Oceanography, Davis, pp. 92-93 ] 
For example, Mediterranean sea water is warm , saline and less dense compared to the Atlantic Ocean. When Mediterranean sea water enters the Atlantic over the Strait of Gibraltar, several hundred kilometers into the Atlantic moves at a depth of about 1,000 meters, with its temperature , salinity and has less dense . The Mediterranean water stabilizes at this depth [Principles of Oceanography, Davis, p. 93] ( see Figure 1) .

Figure 1: The Mediterranean sea water enters the Atlantic over the Strait of Gibraltar with its own warm, saline and less dense characteristics , because of the barrier that distinguishes them. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius ( ° C ) . ( Marine Geology , Kuenen , p. 43, with a slight improvement . )

Although there are large waves, strong currents and tides in these seas , they do not mix or transgress this barrier .
The Quran says that there is a barrier between two seas that meet and do not exceed . God said :
" He has let free the two seas meet . There is a barrier between them. Exceed not . " (Quran 55:19-20 )
But when the Quran speaks of separation between fresh and salt water , it mentions the existence of an " impassable " in addition to the wall. God says in the Quran:
"It is one that has both types , a soft and palatable open water, and the other salty and bitter. And He has made between them a barrier and imposing. " (Quran 25:53 )
One may ask why the Quran does not mention the partition when speaking about the separation between fresh and salt water, but did not mention when talking about the separation between the two seas ?
Modern science has discovered that in estuaries , where fresh water (sweet) and salt water meet, the situation is somewhat different from what is found in places where two seas meet . It has been discovered that what distinguishes fresh water from salt water in estuaries is a " pycnocline zone with a discontinuity net density separation of the two layers. " [Oceanography, Gross, p. 242.  Also see Introductory Oceanography, Thurman, pp. 300-301] This partition (zone of separation ) has a different salinity from the fresh water and seawater 
[Oceanography, Gross, p. 244, and Introductory Oceanography, Thurman, pp. 300-301] ( see Figure 2) .

Figure 2: Longitudinal section showing salinity (parts per thousand ‰) in an estuary . We can see here the partition (zone of separation) between the fresh and salt water. (Introduction Oceanography , Thurman , p. 301, with a slight improvement )

This information has been discovered recently , using advanced equipment to measure temperature , salinity , density, oxygen solubility , etc. The human eye can not tell the difference between the two seas that meet , rather the two seas appear to us as one homogeneous sea . Likewise, the human eye can not see the division of water in estuaries into three kinds : fresh water , salt water , and the partition (zone of separation ) .

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The Quran and the brain

The Quran and science in total 

conformity to the "anatomy of a lie. "

God said in the Quran about one of the evil unbelievers who prohibited the Prophet Muhammad , peace and blessings of God be upon him , praying at the Kaaba :
"No : if they stop, we have to take the naseyah ( front of the head ) , a lying , sinful naseyah ( front of the head ) " (Quran 96:15-16 ) anatomy

Why does the Quran describe the front of the head as lying and sinful ? Why the Koran says that the person was lying and sinful ? What is the relationship between the front of the head and lying and sin?
If you look at the skull on the front of the head, we will find the prefrontal area of ​​the brain (see Figure 1 ) . What does physiology tell us about the function of this region? A book entitled Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology says about this area , "The motivation and the ability to plan and initiate movements occur in the anterior part of the frontal lobe, the prefrontal area This is a region of association cortex . ... " [ Fundamentals of anatomy and Physiology, Seeley and others, p. 211 . Also the human nervous system , and other Noback , pp. 410-411 ] In addition , the book says: "In terms of participation motivation, it is also believed that the prefrontal area to be the functional center for aggression .... " anatomy
[ Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, Seeley and others, p. 211 ]

Figure 1: Functional regions of the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex. The prefrontal area is located at the front of the cerebral cortex. ( Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, Seeley and others, p. 210. ) anatomy

So , this brain region is responsible for planning , motivation, and initiating good and sinful behavior and is responsible for the telling of lies or truth . Therefore, should describe the front of the head as lying and sinful when someone lies or commits a sin, as the Qur'an says: " ... a liar, naseyah sin ( front of the head ) ! "
Scientists have discovered the functions of the prefrontal area in the last sixty years , according to Professor Keith L. Moore. [Al -Fee E'jaz to - to Elmy - naseyah ( The Scientific Miracles in the Front of the Head ) , Moore and others, p. 41 ] anatomy

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The Quran on the Origin of the Universe

Scientific and Quranic explanation

 of the creation of the universe

The science of modern observational and theoretical cosmology , clearly indicates that , at a given point in time , the whole universe was nothing but a cloud of 'smoke' (ie , a composition of gas hot dense opaque). 
[The First Three Minutes a modern view of the origin of the Universe, Weinberg , pp. 94-105] Is one of the undisputed principles of standard modern cosmology . 

Scientists now can observe new stars forming out of the remnants of that 'smoke ' (see figures 1 and 2) . Universe

Figure 1: A new star forming out of a cloud of gas and dust ( nebula ) , which is one of the remnants of the "smoke" that was the origin of the universe. ( The Space Atlas , Heather and Henbest , p. 50). Universe

Figure 2: The Lagoon nebula is a cloud of gas and dust , about 60 light years across . He is excited by the ultraviolet radiation of the hot stars that have recently formed within its bulk . ( Horizons, Exploring the Universe , Seeds, plate 9, from Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc.) Universe
 
Bright stars we see at night were, just as the whole universe, in this matter "smoke" . God says in the Quran:
" Then he turned to the heaven when it was smoke ... " (Quran 41:11 )Because the earth and the heavens (the sun , moon , stars , planets , galaxies, etc. ) have been formed from this same 'smoke' we conclude that the earth and the heavens were one connected entity . Then , from this "smoke" homogeneous , and which are separated from each other. 
 

God says in the Quran:
"They have not seen the infidels that the heavens 

                     and the earth were one connected entity together 
                     and separate? ... " (Quran 21:30)

Dr. Alfred Kroner is one of the world 's renowned geologists . He is professor of geology and director of the Department of Geology , Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz , Germany. He said : "Thinking where Muhammad came from ... I think it is almost impossible for him to have known about things like the origin of the universe , because scientists have found in recent years , with very complicated and advanced technological methods , that this is the case . " [ the source of this comment is that this is the truth (video) . To obtain a copy of this videotape, please visit this page] ( To view the RealPlayer video of this comment click here ) . also said : 

" Somebody who did not know something about nuclear physics 1400 years ago could not, I think , be able to learn from his own mind for instance that the earth and the heavens had the same origin." [ This is the truth (video)] ( View the RealPlayer video of this comment) . Quran

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The Quran on Mountains

Both the Quran and science agree to the structural composition of the mountains and their role in maintaining the stability of the Earth.

A book entitled Earth is a basic textbook reference in many universities around the world. One of its two authors is Professor Emeritus Frank Press. He was the Science Advisor to former U.S. President Jimmy Carter, and for 12 years, president of the National Academy of Sciences , Washington , DC . His book says that mountains have underlying roots. [ Earth , Press and Siever , p. 435 . Also see Earth Science , Tarbuck and Lutgens , p. 157] These roots are deeply embedded in the ground, thus , mountains have a shape like a peg (see figures 1 , 2 and 3).

Figure 1 : Mountains have deep roots under the surface. (Earth , Press and Siever , . P 413. )
 

Figure 2: Schematic . The mountains , like pegs, have deep roots embedded in the ground . ( Anatomy of the Earth, Cailleux , p. 220. )

Figure 3: Another illustration shows how the mountains are peg - like in shape, due to their deep roots. ( Earth Science , Tarbuck and Lutgens , . P 158. )

This is how the Quran has described mountains. God says in the Quran:
" Have We not made ​​the earth a bed , and the mountains as pegs ? " 
( Qur'an 78:6-7 )
Modern earth sciences have proven that mountains have deep roots under the surface ( see Figure 3) , and that these roots can reach several times the height of the surface of the earth . [ Geological Concept of Mountains in the Quran , The - Naggar , p. 5 ] Therefore, the most appropriate word to describe mountains on the basis of this information is the word 'peg ,' since most of a properly set peg is hidden under the surface. The history of science tells us that the theory of mountains having deep roots was introduced in the second half of the nineteenth century. [ Geological Concept of Mountains in the Quran , p. 5 ]
Mountains also play an important role in stabilizing the earth 's crust . 
[Geological Concept of Mountains in the Quran , pp. 44-45] They hinder the shaking of the earth . God says in the Quran:
" And He has set firm mountains in the earth lest it shake with you ... " (Quran 16:15)
Likewise, the modern theory of plate tectonics holds that mountains work as stabilizers for the earth. This knowledge about the role of mountains as stabilizers for the earth has begun to be understood in the framework of plate tectonics since the late 1960s . [Geological Concept of Mountains in the Quran , p. 5]
Person during the time of Prophet Muhammad have known of the
true shape of mountains ? Could anyone imagine that the solid massive mountain which he sees before him actually extends deep into the earth and has a root , as scientists assert ? Many books of geology, when discussing mountains , only describe that part which is above the surface of the earth. This is because these books were not written by specialists in geology. However, modern geology has confirmed the truth of the verses of the Quran.

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The Quran on Human Embryonic Development

The miracle of embryonic development is mentioned in the Qur'an in minute detail, many of which were unknown to science until recently. 
It mentions the first stages of life after conception, the second stage of life after conception, and witnesses of scientists about these scientific facts of the Quran. Human

In the Quran, God speaks about the stages of embryonic development rights:
 

   " We created man from an extract of clay. Then did a drop

    in a place of settlement, firmly fixed. Then We made the 

    drop into an alaqah (leech, suspended thing, and blood clot), 

    then did the ' alaqah one mudghah (chewed substance) ... "

    (Qur'an 23:12-14) Human

 
Literally, the Arabic word alaqah has three meanings: (1) leech, (2) suspended thing, and (3) a blood clot.
In comparing a leech to an embryo in the alaqah stage, we find similarity between the two [The Developing Human, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., P. 8] can be seen in Figure 1. Also, the embryo at this stage feeds on the blood of the mother, as the leech feeds on the blood of others.
[Human Development, as described in the Quran and Sunnah, Moore and others, p. 36] Human

Figure 1: Drawings illustrating the similarities in appearance between a leech and a human embryo at the alaqah. (Leech drawing from Human Development as described in the Quran and Sunnah, Moore and others, p. 37, modified from Integrated Zoology, Hickman et al. Embryo drawing human development principles, Moore and Persaud, 5th Edition ., P. 73.) Human
 

The second meaning of the word alaqah is "suspended thing." This is what we can see in Figures 2 and 3, the suspension of the embryo in the alaqah stage, in the womb of the mother.

Figure 2: We can see in this diagram the suspension of an embryo in the alaqah stage in the womb (uterus) of the mother. (Developing Human, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., P. 66.) Human

Figure 3: In this photomicrograph, we can see the suspension of an embryo (marked B) in alaqah stage (about 15 days old) in the womb of the mother. The actual size of the embryo is about 0.6 mm. (Human developing, Moore, 3rd ed., P. 66, Histology, Leeson and Leeson.) Human

 
The third meaning of the word alaqah is "blood clot." We found that the external appearance of the embryo and during step sacks alaqah is similar to that of a blood clot. This is due to the presence of large amounts of blood present in the embryo during this stage [of human development, as described in the Quran and Sunnah, Moore and others, pp. 37-38] (see Figure 4). Also during this stage, the blood in the embryo does not circulate until the end of the third week. [Human development, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., P. 65] Therefore, the embryo at this stage is as a blood clot. 
 Hum

Figure 4: Diagram of the primitive cardiovascular system in an embryo in the alaqah. The external appearance of the embryo and its sacs is similar to that of a blood clot, due to the presence of relatively large amount of blood present in the embryo. (Human developing, Moore, 5th ed., P. 65.) Human
 
So the three meanings of the word alaqah correspond accurately to the descriptions of the embryo in the alaqah.
The next stage mentioned in the verse is the mudghah stage. The Arabic word mudghah means "chewed substance." If you we were to take a piece of chewing gum in his mouth and then compare it with an embryo at mudghah, we conclude that the embryo stage mudghah acquires the appearance of a chewed substance. This is because of the somites at the back of the embryo that "somewhat resemble teethmarks in a chewed substance." [Human development, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., P. 8] (see Figures 5 and 6) Human

Figure 5: Photograph of an embryo at the stage (28 days) mudghah. The embryo at this stage acquires the appearance of a chewed substance, because the somites at the back of the embryo somewhat resemble teeth marks in a chewed substance. The actual size of the embryo is 4 mm. (Human Development, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., P. 82, Professor Hideo Nishimura, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.) Human

Figure 6: When comparing the appearance of an embryo at mudghah with a piece of gum that has been chewed, there is a similarity between the two. Development

A) Drawing of an embryo at mudghah. We can see here the somites at the back of the embryo that look like teeth marks. (Developing Human, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., P. 79.)
B) Photograph of a piece of gum that has been chewed.
 
How could Muhammad, peace and blessings of God be upon him, have possibly known all this 1400 years ago, when scientists have recently discovered, using advanced equipment and powerful microscopes which did not exist at that time? Hamm and Leeuwenhoek were the first scientists to observe human sperm cells (spermatozoa) using an improved in 1677 (more than 1000 years after Muhammad) microscope. They mistakenly thought that the sperm cell contained a miniature human being that grew when it was deposited in the female genital tract. [The Developing Human, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., P. 9] Development
Professor Emeritus Keith L. Moore [Note: The occupations of all the scientists mentioned in this web site has been updated in 1997] is one of the most eminent scientists in the world in the fields of anatomy and embryology and is the author of the book entitled The Human development which has been translated into eight languages. This book is a scientific reference work and was chosen by a special committee in the United States as the best book written by a book person. Dr. Keith Moore is Professor of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. There was Associate Dean of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and for 8 years was the Chairman of the Department of Anatomy. In 1984, he received the most distinguished in the field of anatomy in Canada prize, the JCB Grant Award from the Canadian Association of Anatomists. He has directed many international associations, such as American and Canadian Association of Anatomists and the Council of the Union of Biological Sciences. 
 
In 1981, during the Seventh Medical Conference in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Professor Moore said: "It was a great pleasure for me to help clarify statements in the Quran about human development that is clear to me that these statements should you. have come to Muhammad from God, because almost all of this knowledge was not discovered until many centuries later. Which proves to me that Muhammad was a messenger of God. " [The reference for this call This is the truth (video). To obtain a copy of this videotape, please visit] (To view the RealPlayer video of this comment click here). 

Consequently, Professor Moore were asked the following question:. "Does this mean that you believe that the Quran is the word of God", said "I find no difficulty in accepting this" [This is the truth (video)]
In one conference, Professor Moore stated: ".... Because the development phase of human embryos is complex, owing to the continuous process of change during development, it is proposed that the new classification system could be developed using terms mentioned in the Quran and Sunnah (what Muhammad, peace and blessings of God be upon him, said, did, or approved.) The proposed system is simple, comprehensive and consistent with present embryological knowledge. Refinement of the Qur'an and Hadith studies (reliable transmissions of the companions of Prophet Muhammad from what he said, did, or approved of) in the last four years have revealed a system for classifying human embryos that is amazing since it was recorded in the seventh century AD Although Aristotle , the founder of the science of embryology, realized that chick embryos developed in stages from his studies of hen's eggs in the fourth century BC, he did not elaborate on these steps. As known the history of embryology, little was known about the staging and classification .. human embryos until the twentieth century For this reason, the descriptions of the human embryo in the Quran cannot be based on scientific knowledge in the seventh century The only reasonable conclusion is that these descriptions were revealed to Muhammad by God. He could not have known such details because he was an illiterate person with no scientific training. "[This is the truth (video). For a copy, see footnote no. 9] (View the RealPlayer video of this comment). Development

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